Dutch Legislation

Title 4

in force

Rent

Civil Code — Book 7 (specific contracts) (Burgerlijk Wetboek Boek 7 (bijzondere overeenkomsten)) · Articles: 123

Section 1

General provisions

7:201 Article 7:201

Lease is the agreement whereby one party, the lessor, undertakes to provide the other party, the lessee, with the use of an object or a part thereof…

7:202 Article 7:202

If the lessee is entitled to the fruits of the property, this right shall be considered a right of enjoyment as referred to in Article 17 of Book 5…

Section 2

Obligations of the lessor

7:203 Article 7:203

The lessor is obliged to make the property available to the lessee and to leave it at the lessee's disposal to the extent necessary for the agreed…

7:204 Article 7:204

The lessor has the obligations described in this Section with respect to defects in the property.

7:205 Article 7:205

The rights of the tenant arising from this Section shall accrue to the tenant, without prejudice to all other rights and claims.

7:206 Article 7:206

The lessor is obliged to remedy defects at the request of the lessee, unless this is impossible or requires expenditures that, in the given…

7:207 Article 7:207

In the event of a reduction in the enjoyment of the lease (huurgenot) resulting from a defect, the lessee may claim a proportionate reduction of the…

7:208 Article 7:208

Without prejudice to the consequences of non-performance of the obligation under Article 206, the lessor is obliged to provide compensation for…

7:209 Article 7:209

It is not permitted to derogate from Articles 206, paragraphs 1 and 2, 207 and 208 to the prejudice of the lessee insofar as it concerns defects…

7:210 Article 7:210

If a defect which the lessor is not obliged to remedy pursuant to Article 206 renders the enjoyment that the lessee was entitled to expect entirely…

7:211 Article 7:211

When a claim is brought against the lessee by a third party for eviction or for the granting of a right with which the property to which the lease…

Section 3

The obligations of the lessee

7:212 Article 7:212

The lessee is obliged to pay the consideration in the agreed manner and at the agreed times.

7:213 Article 7:213

The lessee is obliged to conduct himself as a good lessee with respect to the use of the leased property.

7:214 Article 7:214

The lessee is only authorised to use the thing in the manner that has been agreed upon, and, if nothing has been agreed in this regard, in the manner…

7:215 Article 7:215

The lessee is not authorised to change the layout or appearance of the leased property, in whole or in part, without the prior written consent of the…

7:216 Article 7:216

The lessee is authorised, until the evacuation, to undo changes and additions made by him, provided that the leased property is thereby brought into…

7:217 Article 7:217

The lessee is obliged to carry out minor repairs at his own expense, unless these have become necessary due to a failure of the lessor to fulfill his…

7:218 Article 7:218

The lessee is liable for damage to the leased property that has arisen due to a failure to perform an obligation under the lease agreement…

7:219 Article 7:219

The lessee is liable to the lessor for the conduct of those who use the leased property with his consent or who are present thereon with his consent…

7:220 Article 7:220

If during the lease period urgent works must be carried out on the leased property or the lessor must allow something for the benefit of a…

7:221 Article 7:221

The lessee is authorised to grant the use of the leased property, in whole or in part, to another person, unless he ought to have assumed that the…

7:222 Article 7:222

If the lessee discovers defects in the property or if third parties disturb his enjoyment thereof or claim any right to the property, he must give…

7:223 Article 7:223

The lessee of an immovable property or a part thereof is, if the lessor wishes to proceed to a lease after the expiry of the current lease or to a…

7:224 Article 7:224

The lessee is obliged to place the leased property at the disposal of the lessor again at the end of the lease.

7:225 Article 7:225

If, after the end of the lease, the lessee unlawfully retains possession of the leased property, the lessor may, for the period that he is deprived…

Section 4

The transfer of the lease upon the transfer of the leased property and the termination of the lease

7:226 Article 7:226

Transfer of the property to which the lease agreement relates and the creation or transfer of an independent right of usufruct (vruchtgebruik)…

7:227 Article 7:227

In the event of the creation or transfer of a limited right to the leased property, which is not included under Article 226 paragraph 1, the person…

7:228 Article 7:228

A lease entered into for a fixed period ends, without a notice of termination being required for that purpose, when that period has expired.

7:229 Article 7:229

The death of the tenant or the landlord does not terminate the lease.

7:230 Article 7:230

If, after the expiry of a lease agreement, the lessee retains the use of the leased property with the consent of the lessor, the agreement shall…

7:230a Article 7:230a

If the lease relates to a built immovable property or a part thereof, and that property or part is neither living space nor business space within the…

7:231 Article 7:231

Dissolution of a lease agreement relating to a built immovable property as well as a caravan within the meaning of Article 235, a pitch within the…

Section 5

Lease of residential space

7:232 Article 7:232

This section applies exclusively to the lease of residential space.

7:233 Article 7:233

Residential space shall be understood to mean a constructed immovable property insofar as it is leased as a self-contained or non-self-contained…

7:234 Article 7:234

An independent dwelling (zelfstandige woning) shall be understood to mean the dwelling which has its own entrance and which the occupant can occupy…

7:235 Article 7:235

A caravan (woonwagen) is understood to mean a building intended for habitation, which is situated on a pitch, can be moved in its entirety or in…

7:236 Article 7:236

A pitch (standplaats) shall be understood to mean a parcel intended for the placement of a caravan, on which facilities are present that can be…

7:236a Article 7:236a

A mooring site (ligplaats) shall be understood to mean a place in the water intended for the mooring of a floating object intended for habitation.

7:237 Article 7:237

In this section, price shall be understood to mean the entirety of the obligations that the lessee undertakes towards the lessor at the time of or in…

7:238 Article 7:238

The Rent Tribunal (huurcommissie) shall be understood to mean the Rent Tribunal referred to in Article 3a of the Implementation Act on Rental Prices…

7:239 Article 7:239

By Our Minister is meant Our Minister of the Interior and Kingdom Relations.

7:240 Article 7:240

By general administrative measure, repairs may be designated which must be regarded as minor repairs that, pursuant to Article 217, are at the…

7:241 Article 7:241

By or pursuant to an Order in Council (algemene maatregel van bestuur), it shall be determined which non-conformities shall in any event be…

7:242 Article 7:242

Except by means of a standard regulation as referred to in Article 214 of Book 6, no derogation to the prejudice of the lessee may be made from…

7:243 Article 7:243

If living space in a built immovable property requires facilities as referred to in paragraph 2, the court may, upon petition of the tenant…

7:244 Article 7:244

In deviation from Article 221, the lessee of residential space is not authorised to grant the use of the leased property, in whole or in part, to…

7:245 Article 7:245

Further rules regarding rent prices and other fees are provided in the Implementation Act on Rent Prices for Living Accommodation (Uitvoeringswet…

7:246 Article 7:246

With regard to rent, the rental prices agreed upon by the parties shall apply, insofar as this subsection does not provide otherwise.

7:247 Article 7:247

The following articles of this subsection are, except for Articles 248 paragraphs 3 and 4, 249, 250 paragraph 4, 251, 252 insofar as it concerns a…

7:247a Article 7:247a

The following articles of this subsection, with the exception of Articles 248 paragraphs 3 and 4, 251, 259, 261 paragraph 1, 262 and 264, do not…

7:247b Article 7:247b

Articles 248 paragraphs 1 and 2, 252 insofar as it concerns a proposal for an increase of the rent, 252a, 252b, 253 and 255a shall not apply to a…

7:248 Article 7:248

The rent may be increased either on the basis of a clause in the lease agreement providing for such an amendment, or, if such a clause is not in…

7:249 Article 7:249

The tenant may, until no later than six months after the point in time at which a lease agreement entered into by him for the first time with respect…

7:250 Article 7:250

The rent may be increased at the petition of the lessor in the manner prescribed in Articles 252, 252a, 252c and 253:

7:251 Article 7:251

Provisions in lease agreements that result in the rent being increased more than once in any twelve-month period are void, unless it concerns the…

7:252 Article 7:252

A proposal for an amendment of the rent must be made in writing at least two months before the proposed date of commencement of the amendment.

7:252a Article 7:252a

A lessor may, in respect of residential space constituting self-contained housing, make a proposal as referred to in Article 252, aimed at increasing…

7:252b Article 7:252b

Without prejudice to the provisions of Article 252a paragraph 6, a tenant may, in respect of living space which constitutes an independent dwelling…

7:252c Article 7:252c

A lessor may, in respect of residential space which constitutes an independent dwelling, make a proposal as referred to in Article 252, aimed at…

7:253 Article 7:253

If the tenant, prior to the time at which the increase of the rent price according to the proposal should have taken effect, declares in writing not…

7:254 Article 7:254

If the lessor does not agree to a proposal by the lessee for a reduction of the rent, the lessee may, no later than six weeks after the time at which…

7:255 Article 7:255

The rent for residential space in or to which, during the lease period, by or on behalf of the lessor:

7:255a Article 7:255a

This Article applies exclusively to lease agreements as referred to in Article 247.

7:256 Article 7:256 repealed
7:257 Article 7:257

For the claim of the lessee for a reduction of the rent on the basis of Article 207 paragraph 1 in conjunction with Article 242, a period of…

7:258 Article 7:258

If the lease agreement comprises more than the mere use of the living space and under that agreement only the amount of the price and not that of the…

7:259 Article 7:259

The payment obligation of the tenant with respect to costs for utilities with an individual meter and the service costs shall amount to the sum…

7:260 Article 7:260

If the tenant and the landlord have been unable to reach agreement on a payment obligation of the tenant regarding costs for utilities with an…

7:261 Article 7:261

The advance payment amount that the tenant is liable to pay pursuant to an agreement or a court ruling in respect of the costs for utilities with an…

7:261a Article 7:261a

If an energy performance fee has been agreed upon, the tenant may petition the Rent Tribunal (huurcommissie) to assess it against the rules issued…

7:261b Article 7:261b

It may be stipulated in the lease agreement that the tenant owes a security deposit (waarborgsom) intended as security for that which has been agreed…

7:262 Article 7:262

When the Rent Tribunal (huurcommissie) has rendered a decision on a petition of the tenant or the landlord as referred to in paragraphs 1 and 2, they…

7:263 Article 7:263

A change in the rent, determined in a decision of the rent committee (huurcommissie) or of the court, may be charged with effect from the day…

7:264 Article 7:264

Any clause made in connection with the conclusion of a lease agreement concerning residential space, not relating to the rent, is void to the extent…

7:265 Article 7:265

No derogation from the provisions of this subsection is permitted, unless otherwise follows from those provisions.

7:266 Article 7:266

The spouse or registered partner of a tenant is a co-tenant by operation of law, as long as the living space serves as the principal residence of the…

7:267 Article 7:267

If, upon the joint petition of a tenant and another person who has their main residence in the living space and maintains a sustainable common…

7:268 Article 7:268

Upon the death of the tenant, the co-tenant shall continue the lease as tenant. He may terminate the lease within six months after the death by means…

7:268a Article 7:268a

Upon the death of the lessee of a mooring site, Article 268 shall not apply if that lessee was the owner of the floating object moored at that…

7:269 Article 7:269

The sublease relating to self-contained housing where the subtenant has his principal residence shall, in the event of termination of the lease…

7:270 Article 7:270

The tenant who wishes to effect an exchange of residential space may claim that the court shall authorise him to substitute another person in his…

7:270a Article 7:270a

In the event of a continuation of the lease on the basis of Articles 266, 268 and 269, the person who continues the lease is obliged to give notice…

7:270b Article 7:270b

If the lessee of a mooring site is the owner of the floating object moored at that site and intended for habitation, that lessee may, upon the sale…

7:271 Article 7:271

In deviation from Article 228 paragraph 1, a lease entered into for a fixed period does not terminate by the mere expiry of the lease term; it may be…

7:272 Article 7:272

A terminated lease agreement shall, unless the tenant has terminated the agreement or has consented in writing to its termination after the…

7:273 Article 7:273

In its decision on the petition referred to in Article 272, paragraph 2, the court shall take into account only the grounds stated in the notice of…

7:274 Article 7:274

The court may only grant the claim

7:274a Article 7:274a

For the purposes of Article 274, paragraph 1, subparagraph (c), personal use shall also include the provision of an independent dwelling to a…

7:274b Article 7:274b

Personal use within the meaning of Article 274, paragraph 1, under (c), shall include the provision of an independent dwelling to an elderly person…

7:274c Article 7:274c

Personal use within the meaning of Article 274, paragraph 1, subparagraph (c) shall also include the provision of living space to a young person…

7:274d Article 7:274d

Personal use within the meaning of Article 274, paragraph 1, subparagraph (c) shall also include the provision of residential space to a student…

7:274e Article 7:274e

Personal use within the meaning of Article 274, paragraph 1, subparagraph (c) shall include the provision of living space to a doctoral candidate…

7:274f Article 7:274f

Personal use within the meaning of Article 274, paragraph 1, subparagraph (c) shall also include the provision of living space to a large family…

7:274g Article 7:274g

Personal use within the meaning of Article 274, paragraph 1, subparagraph (c) shall include the provision of residential space to a housing seeker…

7:275 Article 7:275

If the court grants a claim for termination of the lease agreement on the grounds referred to in Article 274, paragraph 1, under (c) and (e), it may…

7:276 Article 7:276

If the lessor has terminated the agreement on the ground referred to in Article 274, paragraph 1, under (c) or (h), and the claim for termination of…

7:277 Article 7:277

If the court has extended the lease agreement, the lessor may terminate the agreement again with due observance of Article 271 and the periods…

7:278 Article 7:278

A sublease agreement of living space that is not continued by the principal lessor pursuant to Article 269 after the termination of the principal…

7:279 Article 7:279

If a defect within the meaning of Article 204 renders the part of the leased living space that is necessary for the habitation of the tenant and his…

7:280 Article 7:280

Before pronouncing a dissolution (ontbinding) on the basis of Article 231, the court may grant the lessee a period of at most one month to still…

7:281 Article 7:281

If a lessor, to whom the rights and obligations under the lease agreement have passed pursuant to Article 226, wishes to realise a function allocated…

7:282 Article 7:282

Articles 272 up to and including 281 may not be deviated from to the detriment of the lessee or sublessee.

Section 6

Rent of business space

7:290 Article 7:290

The provisions of this section apply to the lease and let of business premises.

7:291 Article 7:291

No derogation may be made from the provisions of this Section to the detriment of the lessee.

7:292 Article 7:292

The lease agreement applies for five years or, if a longer fixed term has been agreed upon, for that longer term.

7:293 Article 7:293

The agreement which is valid for five years, and the agreement entered into for a term longer than five years but shorter than ten years, may be…

7:294 Article 7:294

A notice of termination by the lessor is void if it does not state the grounds that led to the termination.

7:295 Article 7:295

A terminated lease agreement shall, unless the tenant has terminated the agreement or has consented in writing to its termination after the…

7:296 Article 7:296

If the notice of termination has been given against the end of the first term referred to in Article 292, paragraph 1, for which the lease agreement…

7:297 Article 7:297

The court may, in its decision to grant the claim, determine an amount that the lessor must pay to the lessee or to the person to whom the property…

7:298 Article 7:298

In the case referred to in Article 296, paragraph 4, under (c), the court may grant the tenant a period of no more than one month to nonetheless…

7:299 Article 7:299

If the agreement has been terminated on the ground that a person referred to in Article 296, paragraph 1, under (b) intends to personally take the…

7:300 Article 7:300

If the original duration of the agreement has been extended pursuant to Article 292, paragraph 2, and the extended agreement has not been terminated…

7:301 Article 7:301

Articles 291 up to and including 300 shall not apply to an agreement of two years or shorter.

7:302 Article 7:302

Termination of the agreement by the heirs of the tenant, or respectively his spouse (echtgenoot) or registered partnership (geregistreerd…

7:303 Article 7:303

Both the lessee and the lessor may claim that the court shall further determine the rent, if it does not correspond to that of comparable business…

7:304 Article 7:304

An action for a further determination of the rent is only admissible if it is accompanied by an advice regarding the further rent, drawn up by one or…

7:305 Article 7:305

The lessor who, pursuant to a decision as referred to in Article 13 or 15 of the Housing Act (Woningwet), has implemented provisions as referred to…

7:306 Article 7:306

A sublease agreement of business premises terminates at the time of eviction determined by the court upon a claim by the principal lessor in…

7:307 Article 7:307

If the transfer by the lessee to a third party of the business conducted in the leased property by the lessee himself or by another is desired, the…

7:308 Article 7:308

If the lessor, after the lease agreement has ended by notice of termination on his part, enjoys a benefit as a consequence of the fact that the…

7:309 Article 7:309

If a lessor, upon whom the rights and obligations under the lease agreement have devolved pursuant to Article 226, terminates this agreement by…

7:310 Article 7:310

If a lessor, to whom the rights and obligations under the lease agreement have passed pursuant to Article 226, wishes to realise a function allocated…