Article 9
in forceGranting of Dutch nationality
The petition of a foreign national who satisfies Articles 7 and 8 shall nevertheless be denied, if
on the grounds of the conduct of the petitioner, there are serious reasons to suspect that he poses a danger to public order, public morality, or the security of the Kingdom;
the petitioner who possesses another nationality has not done everything possible to lose that nationality or is not prepared to do everything possible to lose that nationality after the naturalisation has been effected, unless this cannot reasonably be required;
the petitioner to whom one of the exceptions of Article 8, paragraph 2, applies, has his habitual residence in the country of which he is a national.
If the petitioner has lost Dutch nationality pursuant to Article 16, paragraph 1, the petition on the ground referred to in the first paragraph, under a, may only be denied if, within a period of ten years preceding the petition, he has been convicted of a criminal offence against the security of the Kingdom or has been sentenced to a term of imprisonment of at least five years for another criminal offence.
Paragraph 1, opening words and under (b), shall not apply to
the petitioner who is a national of a State which is a Party to the Second Protocol amending the Convention on the Reduction of Cases of Multiple Nationality and on Military Obligations in Cases of Multiple Nationality, concluded at Strasbourg on 2 February 1993 (Trb. 1994, 265);
the petitioner who was born in the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao or Sint Maarten and has his habitual residence there at the time of the petition;
the petitioner who is married to a Dutch national;
the petitioner who is recognised as a refugee in the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao or Sint Maarten.
The petition shall be decided upon within one year after the payment of the due fee, as referred to in Article 13, or after the decision on the full exemption from such payment, or after the receipt of the requested supplement to the petition necessary for the assessment thereof. The decision may be stayed for a maximum of two periods of six months each.
Decisions to refuse or stay petitions for the grant of Netherlands citizenship may be taken by Our Minister.
Het verzoek van een vreemdeling die voldoet aan de artikelen 7 en 8 wordt niettemin afgewezen, indien
op grond van het gedrag van de verzoeker ernstige vermoedens bestaan dat hij gevaar oplevert voor de openbare orde, de goede zeden, of de veiligheid van het Koninkrijk;
de verzoeker die een andere nationaliteit bezit, niet het mogelijke heeft gedaan om die nationaliteit te verliezen dan wel niet bereid is het mogelijke te zullen doen om, na de totstandkoming van de naturalisatie, die nationaliteit te verliezen, tenzij dit redelijkerwijs niet kan worden verlangd;
de verzoeker op wie een van de uitzonderingen van artikel 8, tweede lid, van toepassing is, zijn hoofdverblijf heeft in het land waarvan hij onderdaan is.
Indien de verzoeker het Nederlanderschap heeft verloren ingevolge artikel 16, eerste lid, kan het verzoek op de grond bedoeld in het eerste lid, onder a, alleen worden afgewezen, indien hij binnen een periode van tien jaren voorafgaande aan het verzoek veroordeeld is wegens een strafbaar feit tegen de veiligheid van het Koninkrijk of is veroordeeld tot een gevangenisstraf van tenminste vijf jaren wegens een ander strafbaar feit.
Het eerste lid, aanhef en onder b, is niet van toepassing op
de verzoeker die onderdaan is van een Staat die Partij is bij het op 2 februari 1993 te Straatsburg tot stand gekomen Tweede Protocol tot wijziging van het Verdrag betreffende de beperking van gevallen van meervoudige nationaliteit en betreffende militaire verplichtingen in geval van meervoudige nationaliteit (Trb. 1994, 265);
de verzoeker die in Nederland, Aruba, Curaçao of Sint Maarten is geboren en daar ten tijde van het verzoek zijn hoofdverblijf heeft;
de verzoeker die gehuwd is met een Nederlander;
de verzoeker die in Nederland, Aruba, Curaçao of Sint Maarten erkend is als vluchteling.
Op het verzoek wordt beslist binnen één jaar na de betaling van het verschuldigde recht, bedoeld in artikel 13 of na de beslissing tot algehele ontheffing van die betaling, dan wel na de ontvangst van de gevraagde aanvulling van het verzoek, noodzakelijk voor de beoordeling daarvan. De beslissing kan ten hoogste tweemaal zes maanden worden aangehouden.
Beslissingen tot afwijzing of aanhouding van verzoeken tot verlening van het Nederlanderschap kunnen door Onze Minister worden genomen.
Decisions of the Administrative Jurisdiction Division of the Council of State (ABRvS) — the highest court in immigration cases — applying this article. Annotations are unofficial translations.
By decision of 25 June 2024, the State Secretary for Justice and Security denied a petition (verzoek) by [appellant] to grant him Netherlands citizenship (the petition). The Minister denied the petition because Article 1F of the Refugee Convention (Article 1F) applies to [appellant]. The basis for this is that [appellant] worked in high-ranking positions for the Afghan security service KhAD/WAD between 1981 and 1992. This means there are serious grounds for suspicion that he poses a threat to public order, as referred to in Article 9, paragraph 1, opening words and under (a), of the Netherlands Nationality Act (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap). Additionally, [appellant] holds a regular fixed-term residence permit under the restriction ‘temporary humanitarian grounds’. The Minister has taken the position that this right of residence is of a temporary nature. Therefore, there are objections to his residence in the Netherlands for an indefinite period, as referred to in Article 8, paragraph 1, opening words and under (b), of the Netherlands Nationality Act. The court has ruled that the reliance of [appellant] on the requirement of current relevance (actualiteitsvereiste) from the judgment of the Court of Justice of 9 February 2023, S, E and C, ECLI:EU:C:2023:77, does not succeed, because the granting of Netherlands citizenship does not fall within the scope of Union law, but is regulated in national law.
Decision on rechtspraak.nlBy decision of 23 January 2024, the State Secretary for Justice and Security denied a petition (application) by [appellant] to grant him Dutch citizenship (the naturalisation petition). [appellant] submitted the naturalisation petition on 6 March 2023. The Minister denied this petition on the basis of Article 9, paragraph 1, opening words and under (a), of the Kingdom Act on Dutch Nationality (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap, the RWN), because serious suspicions exist that [appellant] poses a danger to public order. Specifically, within the rehabilitation period of five years as referred to in the RWN Manual, [appellant] has been convicted several times under criminal law for offences. According to the Minister, no special circumstances exist that would require him to grant Dutch citizenship to [appellant] in deviation from the policy in the RWN Manual. Additionally, the Minister denied the naturalisation petition on the basis of Article 8, paragraph 1, opening words and under (d), of the RWN, because [appellant] cannot be considered sufficiently integrated. The court has ruled that the Minister was entitled to deny the naturalisation petition on both of these grounds.
Decision on rechtspraak.nlBy decision of 9 May 2022, the State Secretary for Justice and Security denied a petition by [appellant] to grant him Dutch nationality. [appellant] holds Angolan nationality. The State Secretary denied the petition because there is a serious suspicion that he constitutes a danger to public order. The reason for this is that it follows from his judicial documentation that [appellant] was convicted by the police judge of the District Court (de rechtbank) of East Brabant on 2 February 2023 for identity fraud committed on 21 August 2021. For this, he received a community service sentence of 80 hours, which he completed on 16 May 2023. In addition, he received a suspended prison sentence of one month with a probation period of two years. [appellant] argues in his first ground of appeal that the State Secretary failed to recognisably involve the probation report of 16 September 2022, submitted by him, in the balancing of interests in the decision of 15 June 2023, and that the court failed to recognise this.
Decision on rechtspraak.nlBy decision of 5 September 2023, the State Secretary for Justice and Security denied a petition (verzoek) by [appellant] to grant her Dutch citizenship. [appellant] petitioned the State Secretary on 16 December 2022 to grant her Dutch citizenship. The State Secretary denied the petition on the basis of Article 9, paragraph 1, opening words and under (a), of the Kingdom Act on Dutch Nationality (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap), because serious suspicions exist that [appellant] constitutes a danger to public order. The reason for this is that the police judge (politierechter) convicted her on 20 September 2021 to two days of imprisonment and twenty hours of community service (taakstraf), or alternatively ten days of detention, for resisting arrest (wederspannigheid) as referred to in Article 181, opening words and under 1, of the Criminal Code (Wetboek van Strafrecht). The rehabilitation period of five years, as referred to in the Manual on the Kingdom Act on Dutch Nationality (Handleiding RWN), paragraph 5 of the policy for Article 9, paragraph 1, opening words and under (a), of the Kingdom Act on Dutch Nationality, had not yet expired at the time of the decision of 7 December 2023. According to the State Secretary, no special circumstances exist that would require him to grant Dutch citizenship to [appellant] in deviation from the policy in the Manual on the Kingdom Act on Dutch Nationality.
Decision on rechtspraak.nlBy decision of 3 September 2021, the State Secretary denied a petition (application) by [appellant] to grant him Dutch nationality. [appellant] petitioned the State Secretary on 1 December 2020 to grant him Dutch nationality. The State Secretary denied the petition on the basis of Article 9, paragraph 1, opening words and under (a), of the Kingdom Act on Dutch Nationality (Rijkswet op het Nederlanderschap, hereinafter: the RWN), because serious suspicions exist that [appellant] poses a danger to public order. The reason for this is that the police judge (politierechter) convicted him on 6 April 2020 to pay a fine of € 850.00 for acting in violation of Article 8, paragraph 5, of the Road Traffic Act 1994 (Wegenverkeerswet 1994, hereinafter: the WVW). The so-called rehabilitation period of five years, as referred to in the RWN Manual (Handleiding RWN), paragraph 5 of the policy for Article 9, paragraph 1, opening words and under (a), of the RWN, had not yet expired at the time of the petition. According to the State Secretary, no special circumstances exist that would require him to grant Dutch nationality to [appellant] in deviation from the policy in the RWN Manual.
Decision on rechtspraak.nl